305 介词与被动态动词连用
A 正如已经提到过的，要提到被动态动词的施动者时，前面须用 by 引导：
| 主动态： |
Dufy painted this picture．达菲画的这幅画。 |
| 被动态： |
This picture was painted by Dufy．这幅画是达菲画的。 |
| 主动态： |
What makes these holes？是什么东西弄出这些破洞的？ |
| 被动态 |
What are these holes made by？这些破洞是什么东西弄的？ |
注意下列句子：
Smoke filled the room．房间里烟雾弥漫。
Paint covered the lock．油漆涂遍了锁上。
它们的被动形式应当是：
The room was filled with smoke．
The lock was covered with paint．
这里针对的只是所涉及的物质而不是施动者本人。
B 动词 + 介词 + 宾语这一结构变成被动态时，介词应直接跟在动词之后：
| 主动态： |
We must write to him．我们必须给他写信。 |
| 被动态： |
He must be written to．必须给他写信。 |
| 主动态： |
You can play with these cubs quite safely．你和这些熊崽子玩不会有危险。 |
| 被动态 |
These cubs can be played with quite safely．和这些熊崽子玩不会有危险。 |
对动词 + 介词／副词结构，也应同样处理：
| 主动态： |
They threw away the old newspapers．他们把旧报纸扔了。 |
| 被动态： |
The old newspapers were thrown away．旧报纸给扔了。 |
| 主动态： |
He looked after the children well．他对孩子们照顾得很好。 |
| 被动态 |
The children were well looked after．孩子们被照顾得很好。 |
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