字母、字组和字群
字母指的是二十六个字母。字母是书写英语单词的最小单位,英语单词中的字母和单词读音中的各个音素并不都存在对应关系。
字组指的是一个或几个字母在起,发一个音素。字组是拼读英语单词的基本单位,通常一个字组对应一个音素。字组能体现出单词的拼写和读音之间的一一对应关系,一个字组对应一个音素。字组分为元字组和辅字组两类。
字群是指几个字组在同一个音节里发两个以上的音素。(如:-tion
-sion -sten -stle -ought)
为什么要在字母的基础上引入字组的概念呢?
从书写形式上看,单词是由一个一个的字母构成的,但每一个字母并不一定对应一个音素,倒是每一个字组对应着一个音素。英语是一种拼音文字,经过一段时间的学习,许多人会“悟”出一些英语单词读音和字组之间的这种一对一的关系,从“单个字母拼合单词”的识记的方式,过渡到“以字组为单位来识记单词”,并“悟”出一些单词的拼写与读读音之间的内在联系。学习者为这个“悟”字付出了太长的时间。
所以学习英语应该尽早识记字组,即三十多个元字组,和三十多个辅字组,以字组为单位来识记单词。
在六七十个字组的基础上识记单词,远比在在二十六个字母的基础上识记单词的效率高、速度快、记忆时间长,还可以音形互补,即听音知形,见形知音,见到一个单词能够读出来,会读的单词能够写出来。将单词的读音和拼写作为一个整体来掌握,可以在很大程度上降低识记英语单词的难度。
| 练习模式 |
| 说出下列单词有几个字组 |
| 单词 |
字组数 |
ache
act
activity
adult
advertisement
afternoon
again
ago
also
always
am
amount
Amy
an
and
Andy
Annie
answer
any
April
are
art
as
ask
assembly
August
autumn
badminton
bag
ball
banana
bark
basket
basketball
bath
be
because
bed
beef
before
begin
behind
beside
best
better
between
big
bike
bird
birthday
birthplace
biscuit
black
blackboard
blouse
blue
boat
Bob
book
bookshop
boot
borrow
both
bowl
box
bread
breakfast
bright
bring
brother
brown
bunch
bus
but
by
café
cake
can
Canada
candy
cannot
cap
car
card
Carl
carrot
carry
cartoon
cat
catwalk
celebrate
celebration
center
chair
chat
cheap
cheese
chicken
children
Chinatown
Chinese
chocolate
choose
Christmas
class
classmate
classroom
clean
clever
climb
close
closed
clothes
club
coat
Coke
cold
collect
colour
colourful
come
comic
computer
congratulation
cook
cool
cost
costume
cotton
country
court
cousin
cross
cry
cup
cut
dad
dancer
dark
date
day
December
delicious
design
desk
detail
dice
difficult
dinner
discount
dish
dislike
district
do
doctor
dog
donate
door
down
dragon
draw
dress
drink
dry
duck
early
Easter
easy
eat
Eddie
eight
eighteen
eleven
else
e-mail
energy
enjoy
enough
except
excited
exercise
expensive
face
family
fancy
fast
fat
father
feed
feel
fifteen
film
fine
finish
firework
first
fish
fishing
fit
five
fix
flat
floor
flower
fly
food
for
forget
four
fourteen
free
French
Friday
friend
from
Fruit
fun
garden
gate
get
ghost
girl
glad
glass
glasses
go
goal
goldfish
good
grandfather
grandmother
grass
great
green
grey
hairstyle
half
hall
hamburger
happen
happily
happy
hard
has
hate
have
he
head
health
healthy
hear
heavy
hello
help
helpful
her
here
hers
herself
hi
his
Hobo
holiday
homework
hope
hot
hotpot
hour
house
housework
however
hundred
hungry
if
imformation
important
improve
in
inside
instruction
Internet
into
invitation
invite
is
island
it
Jack
Jane
January
jeans
Jill
job
Joe
join
juice
July
jump
June
just
Kate
kilo
kind
kitchen
kite
Kitty
knife
knock
know
lake
lantern
large
last
late
lazy
learn
leather
leave
left
lemon
lesson
let
lie
life
lifestyle
light
like
Lily
listen
location
locker
long
look
luck
Lucy
lunch
lunchtime
make
mango
March
mask
master
match
maths
May
me
meal
mealtime
mean
meat
meet
member
meter
mid-Autumn
midnight
milk
Millie
mind
mine
minute
miss
modern
moment
Monday
month
mooncake
morning
mother
mum
music
must
my
name
near
need
neighbour
never
new
news
newspaper
nice
Nick
nine
nineteen
no
noodle
note
notebook
November
now
number
nurse
o`clock
October
of
office
open
organize
other
ours
outside
over
overall
own
packet
paint
pair
pancake
paper
park
part
partner
party
Pat
pay
peanut
pear
pen
pencil
person
pet
Peter
phone
photo
piano
pick
picture
pink
place
plan
plant
play
player
playground
please
pleased
point
police
policeman
polite
ponytail
pool
poor
pork
poster
pot
potato
power
practise
prefer
present
pretty
price
principal
prize
profile
programmer
pumpkin
put
question
quite
rabbit
racket
racquet
radio
raise
Raymond
reach
read
really
reason
red
restaurant
Ricky
ride
right
ring
road
room
round
rubber
ruler
run
sad
Sally
salt
salty
Sammi
Sandy
Saturday
say
scarf
school
score
season
see
seldom
send
September
seven
seventeen
sew
shape
sharp
she
shelf
shine
Shirley
shirt
shoe
shoekeeper
shoelace
shop
short
should
shout
sign
silk
Simon
sister
sit
sixteen
size
skateboard
skill
skirt
sleep
slice
slim
small
smart
smoke
snack
sofa
sole
some
something
sometimes
soon
sorry
soup
sour
space
special
spend
spicy
sport
Spotty
spring
stand
star
start
stay
sticker
stomach
stop
street
stripe
strong
student
study
style
summer
Sunday
sunglasses
supermarket
superstar
supper
sure
sweater
sweet
swim
swimmer
swimsuit
take
talk
tall
taste
taxi
tea
teacher
team
technology
tell
ten
tennis
thanks
the
their
then
there
these
they
thin
thing
thirteen
thirty
this
three
through
throw
Thursday
tie
time
tired
to
today
together
toilet
Tom
tomato
Tommy
tomorrow
tonight
Tony
too
tooth
top
toy
trainer
treat
tree
trip
trousers
try
Tuesday
turn
twelve
twenty
twice
twin
two
uncle
under
understand
us
use
video
vinegar
visit
vitamin
volleyball
wait
walk
Walkman
wall
want
warm
wash
watch
water
way
we
wear
Wednesday
week
weekend
well
Wendy
west
what
when
where
who
whole
whose
why
will
win
window
winter
wish
with
wonderful
wool
world
write
year
yellow
yes
yesterday
you
your
zoo
afterwards
American
animal
appearance
apple
area
around
aunt
balcony
beautiful
boring
building
busy
calory
candle
century
change
comfortable
Daniel
diet
during
electrical
English
Eric
every
fashion
favourite
February
festival
finally
grandparent
Halloween
interesting
library
lion
Mary
material
model
museum
often
orange
oh
on
one
only
parent
Paris
questionnaire
science
stationery
story
table
timetable
traditional
usually
total
tongue
unusual
vegetable
|
3
3
8
5
12
7
4
3
3
4
2
5
3
2
3
4
3
5
3
5
1
2
2
3
7
5
4
9
3
3
6
3
6
9
3
2
6
3
3
4
5
6
6
4
4
6
3
4
3
5
8
6
4
7
5
4
3
3
3
6
3
4
3
3
3
4
8
5
4
5
4
4
3
3
3
4
4
3
6
5
5
3
2
3
3
5
4
5
3
6
9
12
5
2
3
3
4
5
6
7
6
8
4
8
4
8
7
4
5
5
5
6
6
4
3
4
4
6
4
7
4
5
7
14
3
3
4
7
5
5
3
5
4
3
3
3
3
5
3
4
2
6
8
6
4
5
4
8
4
7
3
7
7
2
5
3
6
2
3
5
2
3
4
2
3
3
4
3
3
3
3
5
6
4
4
5
4
4
6
7
7
9
4
6
5
4
3
4
3
3
6
4
4
5
5
4
3
5
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
3
2
5
2
5
3
5
5
5
3
4
3
5
4
3
4
3
4
4
6
2
3
7
3
9
9
4
4
4
3
7
3
3
7
5
6
4
3
3
4
4
2
3
4
5
2
4
4
4
7
2
2
3
6
2
3
4
6
7
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这个练习非常重要,首先它可以使人们习惯以字组为单位来辨认单词,其次它还可以使人们轻松掌握字组表。低年级学生特别喜欢做这个练习。
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有约在先:
不发音字组记入字组数目(如:page 中的字母e。)
双写辅音字母发一个音,这两个辅音字母算一个字组。
是否是字母组合的判别标准是根据词的读音。 |
◆字母、字组和字群
◆元字组
◆辅字组
◆元音字母
◆元音字组
◆辅音字母
◆辅音字组
★26个字母出现频率排顺序
★字组的“名称”与“读音”
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